Roswell :: essays research papers

Roswell Description In the summer of 1947, there were a number of UFO sightings in the United States. Sometime during the first week of July 1947, something crashed near Roswell. W.W. â€Å"Mac† Brazel went with his son and neighbours Floyd and Loretta Practor, to check on their sheep after a fierce thunderstorm that had taken place just the night before. As they were walking to where the sheep were they saw pieces of what seemed like metal debris. After a bit more investigating, Brazel saw a shallow trench that was several hundred feet long. Brazel went to Roswell and reported it. On July 1947 the press said that a wreckage of a crashed disk had been recovered and issued to col. William Blanchard of the 509th bomb group at Roswell. Just hours later the 509th bomb group said it had been mistakenly identified as a flying saucer when in fact it was really only a weather balloon. When and by whom was this debris found? W.W. â€Å"Mac† Brazel gathered his son and neighbours to check on the sheep because of a storm. On the way to check on the sheep the group found bits of debris everywhere and a long shallow trench. Could it have been a weather balloon? Col. Blanchard sent Major Jesse Marcel to investigate. Marcel was able to determine what direction it came from, and which direction it was heading. He also believed it must of exploded above the ground and fell. Major Jesse Marcel said the debris was â€Å"strewn over a wide area and the metal was as thin as aluminium foil but indestructible†. Is there anything to indicate that this really was a UFO but it was being covered up the 509th bomb group? Back in Roswell, Glenn Dennis, a young mortician working at the Ballard Funeral Home, received some curious calls one afternoon from the morgue at the airfield. It seems the Mortuary Officer needed to get a hold of some small hermetically sealed coffins, and wanted information about how to preserve bodies that had been exposed to the elements for a few days, without contaminating the tissue. Glenn Dennis drove out to the base hospital later that evening where he saw large pieces of Wreckage with strange engravings on one of the pieces sticking out of the back of a military ambulance. Upon entering the hospital he started to visit with a nurse he knew, when suddenly he was threatened by military police and forced to leave.

Cbta

Military profession can be considered as one of the oldest professions in the world. It had been a feature of societies throughout history where certain groups of people were entrusted with the responsibility of defending the state. The military profession today however, differs in many aspects from the military of the late eighteenth century in the sense that recruitment is based on education and skill rather than on the basis of social origins. Military men today work on a full-time basis instead of regarding military service as a part-time vocation or hobby.All professions are expected to maintain a certain level of competency and will be reprimanded or reject outright if they do not measure up to the required professional standards. The military profession must maintain high standards of performance in the eyes of the general public in order to hold its credibility and professional standing. Over the years, western writers like Huntington (1957), Janowitz (1971) and Sarkesian (19 75) had given their views on the subject of military profession and professionalism.They had identified the following general characteristics of military professionalism which are organizational structure, special knowledge, education and training, self-regulation and commitment. The Malaysian Army had rise up to the challenge in addressing the issues of military professionalism among its personnel. All the characteristics of military professionalism mentioned earlier are being addressed seriously by the Army.Thus, one of the measures taken by the Army that the best place to start inculcating professionalism among the soldiers should start at the training centers. The Army has 17 training institutions all over the country and in 2011 the budget allocated for the Markas Pemerintahan Latihan dan Doktrin Tentera Darat was $22. 7 million. With 250 courses and 441 series of courses in 2011, the number of soldiers trained in year 2011 was approximately 16,000. This is a significant figure that can be considered as products of the Malaysian Army.Therefore, the Army has taken an approach by introducing the Competency Based Training and Assessment (CBTA) as a measure to increase the level of professionalism among its personnel. CBTA is not a new approach in training. It has been a nationwide move by the Ministry of Human Resources. Malaysia, along with the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and Germany were the main players in implementing CBTA since year 2000. The introduction of the National Skills Certification System in 1993 by the Majlis LatihanVokasional Kebangsaan (MLVK) and the soon to be implemented National Skills Development Act by the Ministry of Human Resources as well as the Malaysian Qualification Framework (MQF) by the Ministry of Higher Education will serve to restructure and streamline the national vocational and skills training in the country towards meeting the demands of today’s job tasks more effectively. Its intro duction is indeed timely, given the high priority that it places on the area of human resource development.With the emphasis towards preparing trained and qualified skilled workforce to support the country’s economic development, therefore, the more flexible framework of national skills recognition and qualifications is necessary to promote a conducive training culture for the personal motivation of skilled workers, which would hence lead to the overall upgrading of competencies amongst the country’s skilled workforce. Competency based learning has been the basis of most training and has been practiced in most countries.The Roman Army for example, were masters of competency training as applied to large groups and their effectiveness in delivering such training was a major contributor to their military success. A perfect description of competency training is as follows: â€Å"Their drills are like bloodless battles, and their battles are like bloody drills. † Jos eph Ben-Matthias, aka Flavius Josephus The terms of CBTA have many variations. Some countries know it as Competency Based Learning (CBL) and some countries call it Competency Based Training (CBT). Nevertheless, competency is the main keyword.CBT was a critical factor in the US Army’s ability to train several million young men during World War II. With the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1942, the US Military was faced with the requirement to train millions of young men for its rapidly expanding armed forces. This rapid expansion required a method for quickly providing people with the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to do a particular job. Using variations of CBT, millions of young men were trained, shipped to Europe or the Pacific and due to their training played a major role in the defeat of Germany and Japan.The role of training in enabling the US Military to expand from a very small army to one of several millions in only a short period of time is mainly due to the effe ctiveness of CBT. The Vocational Education, Employment and Training Advisory Committee of Australia, sees CBTA as â€Å"training geared to the attainment and demonstration of skills to meet industry-specified standards rather than to an individual’s achievement relative to that of others in a group†. CBTA is basically a scientific approach to training that relies on identifying the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to do a particular job, for example for an infantry soldier.The approach taken was to break each job down into groups of competencies. Competencies related to any particular job could be identified through a careful process of training analysis in terms of performance, conditions and standards. For example an infantry soldier might be required to perform firing of a rifle. The conditions required to fire the rifle at various conditions and positions. Example of standards required are, during day on a range at one hundred meters score fifty hits on a t arget measuring three foot high two foot wide, while standing.There is considerable debate as to what actually makes a competency, but for general purposes it can be identified as a readily identified group of related knowledge, skills and attitudes, which taken together constitute a major part of a job which is subject to measurement and assessment. Generally if you cannot measure performance with a stop watch then it is probably not a competency. To give an example, firing a rifle in terms of infantry training can be regarded as a competency. It is a major part of an infantry man’s job. It can be measured in terms of performance, conditions and standards and you can put a stop watch to it.For example, ten shots in the target within one minute. The Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) adopted CBTA based on the concept implemented by the Australian Defence Forces (ADF). The ADF practiced the CBTA concept since year 1996. The MAF, realizing the need to revamp the approach towards trai ning, started the initiative towards CBTA in 2002 and started implementing CBTA in year 2007. The introduction of CBTA in the Army training programs has lead to the establishment of the Malaysian Army Competency Standard (MACS). It is a document that underlines the necessities and requirements that must be obtained by a soldier in their field of expertise.MACS will be assessed based on job proficiency in order to make sure soldiers can accomplish tasks at a level that can be accepted. The Army has identified that there are 318 career and functional courses based on the Armed Forces Code No 2 (AF Code No 2) that need to meet the requirement of MACS. Since the introduction of CBTA until end of year 2011, the number of soldiers who have qualified for the Malaysian Skills Certification (MSC) or also known as Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) from Army training institutions is 42,408 students.MSC or SKM is a certification structure which comprises of five levels National Skills Qualificatio n Framework based on National Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS). MACS development for the courses listed in the AF Code No 2 varies in terms of achieving SKM accreditation ranging from SKM Level 1 to 5. The strengths of implementing CBTA in the Army encompassed all the general characteristics of military professionalism mentioned earlier. In the area of education and training, once the competencies have been identified then it is relatively easy to structure a training course.You might break the competencies down into component tasks, for example before you can fire a rifle, you would have to learn how to strip and assemble that rifle. That particular task might be listed as a specific learning outcome which has to be performed before meeting the final competency of firing a rifle under specific conditions. It would then be relatively easy to structure a training course, which might involve initial training and then further ‘On-The-Job’ training (OJT), which would del iver to the Army, soldiers with the necessary competencies to do the job required.Implementation of CBTA also allows the Army training institution to produce a more comprehensive training package that take into account the core values of competency (knowledge, skill and attitude). Efficiency in managing training courses, effectiveness of course delivery and systematic evaluation or assessment, ensure the quality of training, hence ensuring the quality of soldiers. Evaluation of a soldier does not end only at a particular training institution, which is the main approach in conventional method of training. CBTA allows continuous evaluation in the form of competency log.This would ensure that a soldier does not only competent during training but also when performing task and duties at workplace. In addition, CBTA can also help the Army to develop a good organizational structure as part of achieving military professionalism. Job analysis and job specification which have been identified during CBTA process, allows the Army to have the right person for the right job. This would allow the Army to identify what sort of competency and soldiers it needs in its organizational hierarchy. Improvements have also been made on Army training centers organizational structure.Moreover, besides having at least an officer responsible on CBTA at each of the Army training institutions, the Army also has started grooming its staff and instructors on what CBTA is all about. In year 2011, there were 5 courses conducted in the Army which aimed to increase the knowledge of the staffs and instructors. The courses were, Pegawai Latihan Vokasional (3 series), Induksi Pentauliahan Persijilan Kemahiran (3 series), Course of Study (4 series), Basic Instructor Methodology (1 series) and Kursus Induksi Pegawai Pengesahan Luaran Vokasional (1 series).These courses would lead the Army to ensure that CBTA is well understood, taught and implemented. As a result, the objectives of CBTA implementation can be achieved. Military professionalism should not only be accepted among military personnel but it must be recognized by the general public. CBTA has allowed military professionalism to be accepted and recognized. The implementation of CBTA in the Army is consistent with the requirement of MLVK. Adoption of CBTA provides soldiers with another qualification path and career development opportunity that has been established in line with the academic qualification structure.In other words, this means that the double qualification structure is based on two types of qualifications, namely the academic qualification and the skills qualification that are available in this country today. The emergence of this new skills qualification structure has opened up a whole new set of opportunities for all soldiers after completing their service in the Army. In addition, it also caters to soldiers who have no qualifications to show despite having years of working experience.As an example, PULMAT has able to get SKM accreditation of SKM Level 4 for its Souse Chef course. It is the highest level of SKM accreditation achieved among all the 318 courses conducted by Army training institutions. Attaining SKM Level 4 accreditation is equivalent to a diploma based on NOSS. Therefore, it can be said that soldiers who have achieved competency in the course is at par with others in the business environment or the labour market. They would also have a better career path after completing military service if they decided to pursue any job with similar competency level.A lot of discussions have been made regarding to the advantages and strengths of CBTA in having the Army desired results. Nevertheless, CBTA also have some weaknesses in heading to higher level of professionalism in the Army. Looking at the milestone and achievement of CBTA in the Army until today, the figures and statistics can be said to the extent of they are alarming. Out of the 17 Army training institutions, only 9 tra ining centers or about 50% are considered accredited training centers. They are IKED, IKEM, IJED, PULMAT, PULNORD, PULAPOT, PULPAK, PULADA and IPDA.These training centers have in total of 42 courses out of 318 courses that have been accredited with SKM certification. This only made up to approximately 13% out courses listed in the AF Code No 2. Only one course managed to get SKM Level 4, 13 courses at SKM Level 3 and 28 courses with SKM Level 1 to Level 2. IJED has the most courses in terms that are accredited with the national level SKM. Based on the AF Code No 2, year 2011, out of the 21 courses were conducted by IJED, 12 courses are accredited with national SKM.In addition, IKEM and PULMAT have 7 courses each with national SKM accreditation. PULADA on the other hand, only have 1 course (Dog Unit Handler Course) which has achieved national SKM accreditation. This is very distressing figures for the Infantry Corps in terms of where is the future of Infantrymen during their service and once they leave the service. The competence level of Infantrymen should portray the professionalism of the Army since most Infantry officers would end up as top brass in the Army.As for the future of Infantrymen after their service, the Army must take a necessary action to in order to ensure that Infantry soldiers have a decent competency to compete in the labour market, especially for the other ranks where they would normally retire by the age of 45 and still need to work to support their family. With only 1 course accredited (SKM Level 2) out of 18 courses conducted by PULADA, CBTA can be said as failed to increase the level of professionalism for the Infantrymen. Only those who have the technical skills and knowledge while serving in Corps such as KJLJD and KPD would reap the benefits of CBTA.With majority of Army personnel were only trained at SKM Level 1 and 2, one lead to wonder how SKM Level 1 and Level 2, help the Army to increase professionalism among its personnel. The general guideline of SKM level is as the following diagram. SKM Level 1 and Level 2 are categorized as in the operation and production level in terms of category of personnel. These are the level where most of Army personnel managed to obtain SKM certification from attending courses in year 2011. In year 2011, 4,800 Army personnel obtained SKM certification.Only 11% (550 personnel) obtained SKM Level 3, 32% (1,516 personnel) obtained SKM Level 2 and 57% (2,734 personnel) obtained SKM Level 1. Thus, referring back to the general characteristics of military professionalism, if the Army considers having most of its personnel achieving SKM Level 1 and Level 2 as increment in professionalism, then CBTA would have met its objective. Nevertheless, military professionalism is more than just special skills as in SKM Level 1 and Level 2. The Army should be looking at aiming for at least SKM Level 3 in order to increase some level of professionalism.SKM Level 3 will allow soldiers to have the three categories of personnel as shown in the diagram. The categories are skills, related/management skills and supervisory skills. Mastering them would lead to achieving military professionalism. When the MAF adopted CBTA, the general guideline of SKM competency has been laid out based on rank structure. SKM Level 1 for the rank of Private and Lance Corporal, Level 2 for Corporal, Level 3 for Sergeant and Staff Sergeant, Level 4 for Warren Officers and Level 5 for Officers. It can be said that some courses in the Army failed to meet the guideline.As an example, the Section Commander course conducted at PULADA, is only developed to achieve SKM Level 2. Thus, for the Infantry Corps, most of its sergeants would have SKM Level 2 instead of SKM Level 3 as required by the MAF. This should be a major concern for the Infantry Corps because it has the most number of personnel in the Army. The number of personnel with the rank of sergeant in the Infantry Corps is approximately 1,500 personn el. In the Infantry Standard Battalion, personnel holding the rank of sergeant are 56% (57 personnel) out of the 102 Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) in the battalion.The Infantry Section Commander course at PULADA basically focus on field application and tactics and not so much focus on managerial and administrative duties at the battalion. The managerial and administrative duties are covered mostly during the Pegawai Tidak Tauliah Rendah (PTTR) course at IPDA. Nevertheless, an infantry soldier is qualified to be given the rank of sergeant once he completed the Infantry Section Commander course. In an Infantry battalion, he is responsible to manage 7 personnel in his section.In year 2011, PULADA conducted 3 series of the Infantry Section Commander course with total number of approximately 300 students. The 300 personnel would have little knowledge of managerial and administrative duties due to normal practice applied in an Infantry Battalion is that a soldier will go for PTTR cours e once he completed the Infantry Section Commander course and if the he is planned to be promoted to the rank of Staff Sergeant. Moreover, on average only 100 bits are given to Infantry Corps per year for the PTTR course.In comparison to the 300 personnel attended the Infantry Section Commander Course per year, less than 50% would have the chance to attend the PTTR course. Hence, approximately 200 personnel would not be competent enough to manage a section of soldiers in the Infantry Battalion. In the Sistem Saraan Malaysia (SSM), a Sergeant in the Infantry Battalion will have to complete the PTTR course if he wishes to have a better pay. He will be given the P2 salary for the rank of Sergeant. Therefore, it can be said that money could be the motivational level to attend the PTTR course.That motivation would force the learning of managerial and administrative knowledge during PTTR course where in return, it would make the Sergeant a better soldier, increasing his level of professio nalism. Thus, it leads to the question on the new SBPA salary structure system where salary of P2 no longer applies. There could be personnel by the rank of Sergeant no longer wish to attend the PTTR course if they feel that they would not be promoted to the rank of Staff Sergeant. Hence, it can be said to the extent that without the PTTR course they would be less professional.For an Infantry Battalion, the 57 Sergeant would not have the competency to manage approximately 500 soldiers in the battalion if no one attends the PTTR course. The chain reaction effect of this issue is that officers would have a larger responsibility in ensuring military professionalism is carried out in the Army. The responsibility supposedly to be shared among the NCOs and Officers in order to have a well structured organization as required in achieving military professionalism. Another area where CBTA is seen as does not promote the sense of professionalism is in terms of leadership training.CBTA is not effective when used as a basis for training in areas such as leadership, and management where it is almost impossible to measure competency in terms of clearly defined behaviors that contribute to effective management and leadership, hence affecting the characteristics of military professionalism. Such areas still rely on a subjective assessment made by experts in the field. For example many special forces training courses do use competencies as part of the training package where these competencies relate to measurable behaviors. Literally behaviors which can be measured with a stopwatch.However, the final assessment must be subjective. Such assessment could take the form of a group of experts examining each individual and asking a question that can only be answered subjectively such as ‘would you go to war with this man’. If the answer is no, then it doesn’t matter how many behavioral competencies the individual has passed, he is not suitable. Such subjective as sessment is probably still appropriate in assessing candidates for jobs where qualities are required that can only be defined subjectively by experts. For example priest, teacher, military officer or a flying instructor.All of these types of jobs require qualities that it is almost impossible to define in terms of behavior. It is hard to say what exactly a good leader is actually doing, but we know it when we see it. Attitude competencies generally fail because they can only be measured in the negative. For example, a competency might require the individual to demonstrate the right attitude to safety. Well you can easily measure the wrong attitude, if somebody lights a cigarette in a no smoking area, you have a behavior which clearly demonstrates a poor attitude to safety.But if the individual is not smoking, it doesn’t demonstrate a positive attitude, all it shows is that the person is not smoking. Officer training courses where students are aware that attitude is being asse ssed tend to lead to students falsifying their behaviors that they believe will be viewed in a positive light. For example demonstrating keenness by always smiling and being willing to do a task. Any assessment could only conclude that the person is competent at smiling and effective in using the language of volunteering, it says nothing about the individual’s attitude.The keen individual might well turn out to be displaying a competency in duplicitous behavior, which might well be useful but is hardly a trait likely to endear the individual to his or her subordinates. CBTA could also lead to soldiers feel complacent on their achievement. They only have to achieve competence level since the evaluation is either he is competent or not yet competent. In contrast, the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) adopted the Competency Based Learning (CBL) and has a different competence level assessment.The differences between the Malaysian’s Army CBTA are that the SAF’s CBL evalua te performance based on five level of competency. The levels are, Novice/Advance Beginner, Competent, Proficient and Expert. The SAF feels that these are the necessary levels that should be assessed in CBL especially leadership training. Therefore, the Malaysian Army leadership training could be hampered in increasing level of professionalism due to soldiers feel that they only have to be assessed as competent. In order to excel, one should not feel complacent but try to bring the best out of him.In conclusion, the Malaysian Army should have a well defined terms and definition of military professionalism. From there, it would be able to understand how CBTA can improve the level of professionalism among its personnel. Based on the discussions, arguments and empirical evidence of CBTA achievements in the Army, it can be concluded that the level of professionalism could be increased solely by implementation of CBTA. Nevertheless, it does not mean that CBTA has failed in terms of its ob jectives, it merely need a minor overhaul in terms of the SKM level needed by Army personnel in achieving professionalism. 3894 words) REFERENCES 1. Janowitz, Morris, The Professional Soldier, The Free Press, New York, 1971. 2. Huntington, Samuel P. , The Soldier and the Slate, Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1957. 3. Sarkesian, Sam C. , The Professional Army officer in a Changing Society, Nelson-Hall Publishers, Chicago, 1975. 4. Ramatahan, K. , Leadership Development Through the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Competency Based Learning Project, SAFTI Military Institute, Singapore, 2000. 5.Annual Report, Laporan Perkembangan Latihan dan Penilaian Berasaskan Kompetensi (LPBK) Tahun 2011, MK LAT-BPL(MLVK)/G3/3001/5(71) dated Feb 2012. 6. MACS Report, Pembangunan Standard Kompetensi Tentera Darat (SKTD) Untuk Tugas Penolong Ketua Platun Infantri Dan Ketua Seksyen Infantri, MK-TD Jab Inf, Kuala Lumpur, Jul 2008. 7. Paper Work, Konsep Strategi dan Perlaksanaan LPBK Dalam Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, MATM/J1CTK/A/238/8 dated 12 Dis 2005. 8. AF Code No 2, Jadual Kursus Tempatan Tahun 2011, Markas Pemerintahan Latihan dan Doktrin Tentera Darat, Kuala Lumpur, 2011.

Demeter and the Abduction of Persephone

The story of the abduction of Persephone is more a story about Demeter than it is about her daughter Persephone, so were starting this re-telling of the rape of Persephone beginning with her mother Demeters relationship with one of her brothers, her daughters father, the king of the gods, who refused to step in to help—at least in a timely manner. Demeter, goddess of the earth and grain, was sister to Zeus, as well as Poseidon and Hades. Because Zeus betrayed her by his involvement in the rape of Persephone, Demeter left Mt.Olympus to wander among men. Hence, although a throne on Olympus was her birthright, Demeter is sometimes not counted among the Olympians. This secondary status did nothing to lessen her importance for the Greeks and Romans. The worship associated with Demeter, the Eleusinian Mysteries, endured until it was suppressed in the Christian era. Demeter and Zeus Are Parents of Persephone Demeters relationship with Zeus had not always been so strained: He was the father of her much-loved, white-armed daughter, Persephone. Persephone grew up to be a beautiful young woman who enjoyed playing with the other goddesses on Mt. Aetna, in Sicily. There they gathered and smelled the beautiful flowers. One day, a narcissus caught Persephones eye, so she plucked it to get a better look, but as she pulled it from the ground, a rift formed... Demeter had not been watching too carefully. After all, her daughter was grown. Besides, Aphrodite, Artemis, and Athena were there to watch—or so Demeter assumed. When Demeters attention returned to her daughter, the young maiden (called Kore, which is Greek for maiden) had vanished. Where Was Persephone? Aphrodite, Artemis, and Athena didnt know what had happened, it had been so sudden. One moment Persephone was there, and the next she wasnt. Demeter was beside herself with grief. Was her daughter dead? Abducted? What had happened? No one seemed to know. So Demeter roamed the countryside looking for answers. Zeus Goes Along With Persephones Abduction After Demeter had wandered for 9 days and nights, searching for her daughter as well as taking out her frustrations by randomly torching the earth, the 3-faced goddess Hekate told the anguished mother that while she had heard Persephones cries, she had not been able to see what had happened. So Demeter asked Helios, the sun god—he had to know since he sees all that happens above the ground during the day. Helios told Demeter that Zeus had given their daughter to The Invisible (Hades) for his bride and that Hades, acting on that promise, had taken Persephone home to the Underworld. The imperious king of the gods  Zeus  had dared to give  Demeters daughter Persephone away to Hades, the dark lord of the Underworld, without asking! Imagine Demeters outrage at this revelation. When the sun god  Helios  insinuated that  Hades  was a good match, it added insult to injury. Demeter and Pelops Rage soon reverted to great sorrow. It was during this period that Demeter absentmindedly ate a piece of Pelops shoulder at a banquet for the gods. Then came depression, which meant Demeter couldnt even think about doing her work. Since the goddess wasnt providing food, soon no one would eat. Not even Demeter. Famine would strike mankind. Demeter and Poseidon It didnt help when Demeters third brother, the lord of the sea,  Poseidon, turned against her as she wandered in Arcadia. There he tried to rape her. Demeter saved herself by turning into a mare grazing along with the other horses. Unfortunately, horse-god Poseidon easily spotted his sister, even in mares form, and so, in stallion form, Poseidon raped the horse-Demeter. If ever she had given a thought to returning to live on Mt. Olympus, this was the clincher. Demeter Wanders the Earth Now, Demeter was not a heartless goddess. Depressed, yes. Vengeful? Not particularly, but she did expect to be treated well—at least by mortals—even in the guise of an old Cretan woman. Gecko Killing Pleases Demeter By the time Demeter reached Attica, she was more than parched. Given water to drink, she took the time to sate her thirst. By the time she had stopped, an on-looker, Ascalabus, was laughing at the gluttonous old woman. He said she didnt need a cup, but a tub to drink out of. Demeter was insulted, so throwing water at Ascalabus, she turned him into a gecko.Then Demeter continued on her way about another fifteen miles. Demeter Gets a Job Upon arriving at Eleusis, Demeter sat down by an old well where she began to cry. Four daughters of Celeus, the local chieftain, invited her to meet their mother, Metaneira. The latter was impressed with the old woman and offered her the position of nurse to her infant son. Demeter accepted. Demeter Tries to Make an Immortal In exchange for the hospitality shed been extended, Demeter wanted to do a service for the family, so she set about to make the baby immortal by the usual immersion in fire and ambrosia technique. It would have worked, too, if Metaneira hadnt spied on the old nurse one night as she suspended the ambrosia-anointed infant over the fire. The mother screamed. Demeter, indignant, put the child down, never to resume the treatment, then revealed herself in all her divine glory, and demanded that a temple is built in her honor where she would teach her worshipers her special rites. Demeter Refuses to Do Her Work After the temple was built Demeter continued to reside at Eleusis, pining for her daughter and refusing to feed the earth by growing grain. No one else could do the work since Demeter had never taught anyone else the secrets of agriculture. Persephone and Demeter Reunited Zeus—ever mindful of the gods need for worshipers—decided he had to do something to placate his raging sister  Demeter. When soothing words wouldnt work, as a last resort Zeus sent  Hermes  to  Hades  to bring the daughter of Demeter back up to the light. Hades agreed to let his wife Persephone go back, but first, Hades offered Persephone a farewell meal. Persephone knew she couldnt eat in the Underworld if she ever hoped to return to the land of the living, and so she had diligently observed a fast, but Hades, her would-be husband, was so kind now that she was about to return to her mother Demeter, that Persephone lost her head for a second—long enough to eat a pomegranate seed or six. Perhaps  Persephone  didnt lose her head. Perhaps she had already grown fond of her implacable husband. At any rate, according to a covenant among the gods, the consumption of food guaranteed that Persephone would be allowed (or forced) to return to the Underworld and Hades. And so it was arranged that Persephone could be with her mother Demeter for two-thirds of the year, but would spend the remaining months with her husband. Accepting this compromise, Demeter agreed to let seeds sprout from the earth for all but three months a year—the time known as winter—when Demeters daughter Persephone was with Hades. Spring returned to the earth and would again every year when Persephone returned to her mother Demeter. To further show her goodwill to man, Demeter gave another of Celeus sons, Triptolemus, the first grain of corn and lessons in ploughing and harvesting. With this knowledge, Triptolemus traveled the world, spreading Demeters gift of agriculture.

When Scientists Sin, And Leonard Cassuto s Paper

A key mechanism of societal function is money. Whether manifested as the cash needed to buy groceries or as the funds required to wage war or make investments, money is an essential element of what drives the developed world. This concept has an immense impact on scientific research, and it is found to be especially prevalent within both Michael Shermer’s article â€Å"When Scientists Sin† and Leonard Cassuto’s paper â€Å"Big Trouble in the World of ‘Big Physics,’† chiefly through an emphasis on the pressure for scientists and the scientific community to provide results. While this is not surprising, the extent to which it is able to negatively affect the reputability and quality of science is, and this is quite disturbing. Much of Shermer’s†¦show more content†¦This is only reinforced by Cassuto’s work, as it discusses at length the â€Å"publish or perish† (Cassuto, 228) nature of scientific research. In an environment where highly visible success—the type of success that Schà ¶n embodied before his fraudulence was revealed—is needed in order to sustain a career, it seems that the system which dictates success should have nearly impassable safeguards against fraudulent achievement of that success. However, despite all that is both fiscally and less tangibly—chiefly by way of reputation and public trust—at stake, that may not be the case. Much of the discussion surrounding Schà ¶n’s scandal within Cassuto’s paper was centered on disappointment with the scientific community and the process that allowed Schà ¶n to gain his fame with falsified research results, in addition to disappointment with Schà ¶n for his fraudulence. Failures within the former are perhaps more severe than the transgressions of the latter, however, as a lack of competency within the review process can afford for the perpetuation of fraud, while Schà ¶n’s disregard for adequately performed science is, in and of itself, an isolated case. This process, peer review, is supposed â€Å"to weed out substandard work,† (Cassuto, 232) and—perhaps just as, or even more, importantly—it â€Å"governs external funding,† (Cassuto, 232). As peer review determines what is

Fences By August Wilson Essay - 1709 Words

Race, notwithstanding the way that it doesn t exist on the planet in any ontologically target way, in any case it is bona fide in the general population field (rather than nature). Race is a social development that has genuine outcomes and impacts. These impacts, results and the thought that race is ontologically subjective is epistemologically objective. We realize that race is something that is genuine in the public arena, and that it shapes the way we see ourselves as well as other people. Many appropriately guarantee that race is theoretically precarious. However, this ought not to lead us to be suspicion about race, i.e. that we can t have any target information about race. We can realize what race is and how it functions paying†¦show more content†¦It is also shown in the book 1919, the Year of Racial Violence: How African Americans Fought Back by David Krugler. This book likewise indicated how overcome dark men remained against crowd assaults after the World War I. The developing New Negro personality, which prized undeterred imperviousness to worthless citizenship, additionally roused veterans and their kindred dark nationals. In city after city - Washington, DC; Chicago; Charleston; and somewhere else - dark men and ladies waged war to repulse hordes that utilized lynching, strikes, and different types of brutality to ensure racial domination; yet, experts pointed the finger at blacks for the savagery, prompting mass captures and deceiving news scope. Declining to yield, African Americans looked for exactness and decency in the courts of general assessment and the law. This is the main record of this three-front battle - in the roads, in the press, and in the courts - against swarm viciousness amid one of the most exceedingly bad years of racial clash in US history. Additionally, we also know about the civil rights movement. American Civil Right Movement, mass difference improvement against racial detachment and isolation in the southern United States that came to national unmistakable quality in the midst of the mid-1950s. This improvement had its establishments in the many years longShow MoreRelated Fences by August Wilson Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFences by August Wilson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all lead lives filled with anxiety over certain issues, and with dread of the inevitable day of our death. In this play, Fences which was written by the well known playwright, August Wilson, we have the story of Troy Maxson and his family. Fences is about Troy Maxson, an aggressive man who has on going, imaginary battle with death. His life is based on supporting his family well and making sure they have the comforts that he did not have in his own childhood.Read More Fences by August Wilson Essay533 Words   |  3 Pages In the play Fences, which was written by August Wilson, Bono, Gabe, and Alberta are all very important people in Troy’s life. Bono is Troy’s best friend, and through him the reader learns that Troy is a very strong character. Through Gabe, people can see some of the guilt Troy has inside. Alberta helped Troy escape from his problems, and have a few laughs every once in awhile. Each one of these characters tells the reader something different about Troy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ThroughoutRead MoreFences by August Wilson Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesIn Fences, August Wilson introduces an African American family whose life is based around a fence. In the dirt yard of the Maxson’s house, many relationships come to blossom and wither here. The main character, Troy Maxson, prevents anyone from intruding into his life by surrounding himself around a literal and metaphorical fence that affects his relationships with his wife, son, and mortality. Throughout the play, readers see an incomplete fence which symbolizes Rose (Troy’s wife) and Troy’sRead MoreEssay on Fences, by August Wilson1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe context in which it is used. The play Fences by August Wilson, takes place during the late 1950’s through to 1965, a period of time when the fights against segregation are barely blossoming results. The main protagonist, Troy Maxson is an African American who works in the sanitation department; he is also a responsible man whose thwarted dreams make him prone to believing in self-created illusions. Wilsons most apparent intention in the play ‘Fences’, is to show how racial segregation createsRead More Fences by August Wilson Essay650 Words   |  3 Pages In the play, Fences, Troy seems to have a complicated relationship with every other character in the play. This applies especially to his relationship with his son, Cory. Troy and Cory have many similarities and differences that complicate their relationship. There are many outside factors that also make matters worse. One of the differences that complicate their relationship is that they have grown up in completely different time periods. A great deal has happened between the timesRead More Fences as Metaphor in Fences by August Wilson Essay420 Words   |  2 Pages As with most works of literature, the title Fences is more than just a title. It could be initially noted that there is only one physical fence being built by the characters onstage, but what are more important are the ideas that are being kept inside and outside of the fences that are being built by Troy and some of the other characters in Fences. The fence building becomes quite figurative, as Troy tries to fence in his own desires and infidelities. Through this act of trying to contain his desiresRead MoreEssay about Fences by August Wilson1876 Words   |  8 Pagesperceived? What should we learned from them? Are their lives to be discarded or honored? Fences is a compelling story of a Black family in the 1950s. A tale of the encounter of the released black slaves trying to survive in the middle of American urban industrial city. A story of four generations of Black Americans and of how they have passed on a legacy of morals, mores, attitudes, and patterns of life. Fences examine the escalating racial tensions in America during the 1950s. It deals with suchRead MoreAnalysis of Fences by August Wilson Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages In the play Fences by August Wilson, Troy is shown as a man who has hurt the people who are closest to him without even realizing it. He has acted in an insensitive and uncaring manner towards his wife, Rose, his brother, Gabriel and his son, Cory. At the beginning of the story, Troy feels he has done right by them. He feels this throughout the story. He doesn’t realize how much he has hurt them. Troy is the son of an abusive father. His father was hardly around to raise him. When he was aroundRead More Racism Exposed in Fences, by August Wilson Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pages August Wilson’s play Fences brings an introspective view of the world and of Troy Maxson’s family and friends. The title Fences displays many revelations on what the meaning and significance of the impending building of the fence in the Maxson yard represents. Wilson shows how the family and friends of Troy survive in a day to day scenario through good times and bad. Wilson utilizes his main characters as the interpreters of Fences, both literally and figuratively. Racism, confinement, andRead MoreEssay about The Importance of the Characters in Fences by August Wilson696 Words   |  3 PagesFences is a 1983-published play by American Playwright, August Wilson. In Fences, we are introduced to several characters that serve multiple purposes to the protagonist and main character of the play, Troy Maxson. Troy is a 53 year old man who works as a garbage man, and lives with his wife, Rose and their teenage son, Cory. Along with Rose and Cory, Fences introduces us to three more members of the Maxson family: Lyons, the first born son to Troy, the step-son to Rose, and the

Currency and Efficacy of a Diversity Policy

Question: Discuss about the Currency and Efficacy of a Diversity Policy. Answer: Introduction Organization diversity describes the multiplicity of distinctness among the people in a firm. Diversity includes receiving and respect. It refers to recognizing that every person is special, and an understanding of the person variation. These distinctions can comprise traditions, sexual direction, gender, physical ability, age, religious belief, family status, experience, ideologies or other perspectives. Moreover, study have depicted that the most connected workers are those who are employing in a diverse, fair and open environment. Hence, this research aims on identifying the diversity policy existing at Australian Postal Corporation. Assisting diversity in organization reduces the amount of partiality and concludes in making the environment that is favorable for the workers development. Diversity and its significance Diversity, regarding the organization, mainly describes the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) crews beneath-delegated in an organization. Hence, these crews comprise: indigenous and/or Torres channel Islander group; disable people; group of racial, cultural and ethno-religious alternative groups; teenage people under 25; and females in senior guidance position. Diversity is rapidly raising like a property of a firm and connected to finest economic conducts. Diversity is said to be the essential segment of how the people carry out the business and crucial to the commercial development. Hence, the group identifies that the people requires imitating the clients and local societies. Diversity policy and its benefit The organizational diversity policy is the assurance by the section to make the company that is better and comprehensive, and creates an organization which effectively imitates the diversity of the scholars, guardians and the societies. According to APC, the criticism in the aspect of partiality handling internally in a company attached with the example of preference and irritation according to employees. The success and its competitiveness are based upon its capability to grip diversity and identify the benefits. When the firms rapidly evaluate their applying of the organizational diversity problems, advances and execute diversity strategies, numerous benefits are stated, like: Enlarged flexibility, Widened service variety, More better implementation, Multiplicity of perspective. Objectives of diversity policy According to the APC, the motives and objectives involve transparency and effectiveness as they mainly depict what the firm has aimed to achieve within the diversity policy. The organizational diversity policy offers a structure for the section top obtain: The numerous and experienced employees that imitates the diversity of the scholars, career/parents and the society. An organization tradition that promotes comprehensive practices and traits for the profits of all matters and public education and instruction structure. Developed employment and career advancement chances for people who are beneath represented to the organization over the particular programs. The work surrounding that signifies and uses the involvement of workers with varied experience, backgrounds, skills and educational standards. Consciousness within every crew of their privileges and liabilities regarding to equity, honesty and respect for all characteristic of diversity. Legislations at diversity policy The legislation is applied in place for saving people over inequity. It requires assuring people the same behavior despite of a specific uniqueness or past domination in connection to service, proposal of service and in other examples not connected to employment. Legislation draws official needs of manager; though, the superior aim is not basically regarding official agreement but developing a tradition of approval in an organization. Declaration of devotion to legislative regulations according to organizational harassment, gender variety, same chances are created by the Australian study in its workforce opportunity description. The program available to the following groups: LGBT It refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) group of people within an organization as the comprehensive part of the human diversity. According to APC, it is the policy which defines the bullying and harassment to the feature of frightening to disclose the sexual orientation of an individual. Age-based diversity It is known as the recognition of every age class in an organization. Australian study described the complete adult traineeship that assist adult training for a time of a year or two with assurance of training companies by legislative registrations. Gender equity - Gender equity is acquired when all gender people are capable to contact and like the identical plunder, possessions and prospects. Disability The disable people are judged as the normal people as well as the skills and talents they inherit, which is required to work in an organization. Migrant worker It discovers safety and health features regarding the migrants employees in multi-cultural structure. Many suppositions are made about the cultural variation, secured and healthy manners. Diversity policy disseminated to staff For the better information delivery, means of providing plays the significant role in formulating the plans made for the better information. Dissemination is the process which gets started as the half of the complete cost of the assignment; hence it must be strategized from the start. Australian post describes the policy of employees in an organization needs concern on this problem and applying diversity of at their organization. Effective dissemination takes place with the help of its significance to match the needs and message of the people. Review of policy diversity This policy is applied for setting out the important needs in connection to the administration of organization diversity in the commission. Specifically, it draws the commissions organization diversity program and refers the advance to sensible modification in an organization. Internal and external forums to celebrate the progress and development According to APC, the study depicts the establishment of aforementioned policy and plans to help improve the diversity in a company. Internal it includes reintegration with career/parent, letter. External it involves letter, reintegration with career/parent. Recommendation for improving diversity in an organization Making the more varied employees in the small business is significant not just for the fulfillment with anti-equity regulations; also it can profit the organization from the sale and productivity perception. Varying the employees can result delicate, as few workers may not connect better with the people from varied traditions or backgrounds. Few recommendations can assist not in the hiring of the more varied employees. Starts evaluating to involve higher ratio of domestic people. Narrow workers response mechanism and starts taking measures to develop function of workers objection referring section. Start firm evaluations for advancing privacy and pride of workers under the LGBTI group. Conclusion Legislative bodies have applied the diversity policy that depicts the firm's assurance to guarantee a varied combination of experience as well as capacity subsist in its leaders, administrators and workers, to improve organization performance. This study aims on the significance of outlining and recognizing the diversity policy pertaining to the APC. References Nick Moore. Policy Studies Institute, 1995. Starren, A., Hornixk, J. Luijters, K., Occupational safety in multicultural teams and organizations: A research agenda, Safety Science, 2012. Human Rights Campaign, Corporate Equality Index: Rating American Workplaces on Lesbian. Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality 2011. Mirvac Board., allen Pascoe, GM Human Resources Operation, 2011. ILO - International Labour Office, Labour inspection in Europe: undeclared work, migration, trafficking/ - ILO, Geneva, 2010. Blakiston Crabb, summary of diversity policy, 2007.

The Return Essay Example For Students

The Return Essay The Return by Sonia Levitin is a novel showing how difficult life is for Ethiopian Jews traveling to Israel. They face many hardships on their way, and there are many obstacles in their path. Many themes are depicted in this novel. Three meaningful topics that can be discussed are maturing and finding ones own identity, prejudice and its effect, and cultural/family pressures. One of the themes that The Return illustrates is maturing and finding ones own identity. An example of this theme is in the beginning of the novel when Desta does not want to depart for Jerusalem and wants to stay with her family. However, soldiers come to recruit from her village and Desta has to leave immediately. Desta does not complain about this situation. This shows maturity because Desta knows that her family wants her to leave for Jerusalem and that it is the best for her. A further example of maturing and finding ones own identity is one Joas dies. Desta always relies on Joas in the beginning of the nov el, but she then takes control by taking care of Almaz and herself. She trades with foreigners and struggles to survive with her sister. She also continues to travel even though there is a risk of death. This shows courage and maturity because it is very hard to take care of a nine-year-old child with very little food at hand. Another way Desta shows maturity is how she uses skills she learns to her advantage. An example of this is when Desta takes her holiday shamma and wraps Joas in it for a burial. This shows maturity because she follows what her culture expects of her. One last example of maturity illustrated in The Return is how Desta tells Dan, with no fears, that she does not want to marry him yet. She expects than Dan will be angry, but Desta tells him anyway. This shows maturity because she stands up for what she believes is right for herself and shows independence. As one can see, Desta matures in many ways throughout the novel performing bravely, independently, and loving ly in acts towards herself and others. We will write a custom essay on The Return specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another theme that The Return shows is prejudice and its effect. One example this novel shows is that enemies of the Ethiopian Jews are killing and forcing them to be soldiers. This shows prejudice because the enemies only think about themselves and treat other people like animals. This is an example of pure hatred. One other example of prejudice and its effect is that it is not safe to go anywhere one wants when they are an Ethiopian Jew. This means that because the Ethiopian Jews have so many enemies, they must be aware of everyone around them and have restrictions on where they are allowed to be. This shows prejudice because since the Jews have so many enemies, they must stay in certain areas, and it is dangerous to wander off anywhere one wants alone. This form of prejudice is due to anti-Semitism and loath from Arabs and other enemies of the Ethiopian Jews. A third example of prejudice that The Return shows is mistreatment by others. The novel illustrates this once during Desta, Almaz, and Joass escape to Jerusalem. While Joas is walking back to Desta and Almaz, an Arab sniper for no reason shoots him. Joas did not attack anyone or harm anything, but the Arabs still shot him. This shows prejudice because there was no good reason to kill another person. Joas does not attack any Arabs or harm anyone. All of these examples show prejudice and its effect one way or another. .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .postImageUrl , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:hover , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:visited , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:active { border:0!important; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:active , .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8 .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u487d166ba872870e4313f342dfe62fe8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ernest Rutherford EssayAn additional theme The Return portrays is cultural/family pressures. An example of when the novel illustrates this is during the Ethiopian holiday Segid. All or most Ethiopian Jews must gather and perform Sabbath services. An Ethiopian Jew must look their very best and act with proper decorum during this time. This is a cultural pressure because one must worry about his/her looks and acts. Another cultural pressure is that one always must wear their shamma. This is a pressure because the shamma must constantly be worn due to Ethiopian religion. A family pressure that The Return illustrates